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September 10, 2026

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262336391789053900
September 3, 2026

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328530551788449778
December 1, 2019

Usul al-Karkhi

Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Ubayd Allāh ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Karkhī was born in the year 260 A.H. and died in the year 340 A.H. Karkh is a town located on the western bank of the Tigris in Baghdad. He was a student of Abū Sa‘īd al-Barda‘ī (who was a student of Ismā‘īl ibn Ḥammād who was a student of Ḥammād ibn Abī Ḥanīfah). He had many students among whom Abū Bakr al-Jaṣṣāṣ and al-Shāshī are better known. Karkhī’s influence is visible very clearly in the works of al-Jaṣṣāṣ.

November 23, 2019

Pakistan: Republic or Democracy?

A distinction is sometimes made between a republic and a democracy in the context of the American Constitution. It is maintained that the USA was established as a republic, but degenerated into a democracy. Does this have some implications for the Constitution of Pakistan?